Estrategias Integradas para el Manejo del Dolor, Náuseas y Ansiedad en la Recuperación Postoperatoria de Colecistectomía Laparoscópica
Palabras clave:
Colecistectomia Laparoscópica, Dor Pós-Operatória, Náusea, Ansiedade, Recuperação Pós-OperatóriaResumen
Este estudio aborda estrategias integradas para el manejo efectivo del dolor, náuseas, ansiedad y recuperación funcional después de la colecistectomía laparoscópica. Técnicas farmacológicas como la nalbufina preventiva y técnicas regionales como el bloqueo del plano transverso abdominal (TAP), bloqueo intercostal combinado y bloqueo del plano erector espinal (ESP) demostraron superioridad en la reducción del dolor y el consumo de analgésicos. Estrategias no farmacológicas, incluyendo hiperventilación controlada, reclutamiento pulmonar, acupuntura, auriculoterapia, ejercicios respiratorios y acupresión, también evidenciaron eficacia en la reducción de complicaciones postoperatorias como dolor de hombro y síntomas gastrointestinales. Intervenciones para controlar la ansiedad preoperatoria, como educación multimedia y uso combinado de remimazolam y estazolam, aportaron beneficios adicionales en la recuperación gastrointestinal y calidad del sueño. La optimización de la técnica quirúrgica, con atención al sitio de extracción de la vesícula y técnicas como la visión crítica de seguridad, redujo complicaciones como lesiones biliares y hernias incisionales. La planificación perioperatoria considerando factores de riesgo individuales resultó esencial para prevenir complicaciones y mejorar los resultados clínicos.
Citas
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