Comparative Investigation of Detection Strategies and Estimated Parameters for Planet Nine in Contemporary Scientific Literature

Abstract

This study delivers a comparative review of the online scientific literature concerning the Planet Nine hypothesis, focusing on the predicted orbital and physical parameters and the observational methodologies used in major astronomical surveys. Articles and preprints from 2016 to 2025 were examined via NASA ADS, arXiv, Web of Science, and Scopus. Data on mass, semi-major axis, eccentricity, and inclination from Batygin & Brown and Siraj et al. were extracted, along with survey characteristics—sensitivity, sky coverage, and candidate selection criteria—in infrared (IRAS, AKARI, WISE) and optical (Pan-STARRS, DES, ZTF, Subaru) domains. The comparison showed complementary coverage exceeding 80 % of the core parameter space, yet significant gaps exist for masses ≤ 5 M⊕, eccentricities ≥ 0.4, and low orbital inclinations. Synthetic population models indicate detection probabilities below 50 % in marginal regions. It is concluded that future campaigns should employ multispectral, multisensor strategies—integrating thermal sensitivity and optical depth up to V≈25—within collaborative networks to definitively confirm or refute Planet Nine’s existence.