Estratégias Integradas para o Manejo da Dor, Náuseas e Ansiedade na Recuperação Pós-operatória de Colecistectomia Laparoscópica
Palavras-chave:
Colecistectomia Laparoscópica, Dor Pós-Operatória, Náusea, Ansiedade, Recuperação Pós-OperatóriaResumo
Este estudo aborda estratégias integradas para manejo eficaz da dor, náuseas, ansiedade e recuperação funcional pós-colecistectomia laparoscópica. Técnicas farmacológicas como nalbuphina preemptiva e técnicas regionais como o bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal (TAP), bloqueio intercostal combinado e bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha (ESP) demonstraram superioridade na redução da dor e consumo de analgésicos. Estratégias não farmacológicas, incluindo hiperventilação controlada, recrutamento pulmonar, acupuntura, auriculoacupuntura, exercícios respiratórios e acupressão, também evidenciaram eficácia na redução de complicações pós-operatórias como dor no ombro e sintomas gastrointestinais. Intervenções para controle da ansiedade pré-operatória, como educação multimídia e uso combinado de remimazolam e estazolam, promoveram benefícios adicionais na recuperação gastrointestinal e qualidade do sono. A otimização técnica cirúrgica, com atenção ao local de extração da vesícula e técnicas como a visão crítica de segurança, reduziu complicações como lesões biliares e hérnias incisionais. O planejamento perioperatório considerando fatores de risco individuais mostrou-se essencial para prevenir complicações e melhorar os resultados clínicos.
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